. Empire-writes and . Back, Zabus's aforementioned The African Palimpsest (1991, 2007) and recently Vicki Briault Manus' Emerging Traditions (2011) on South African literature. These works and many others confirm that ethno-textuality can become an alternative approach to, 1989.

B. Ashcroft, The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Postcolonial Literature, 1989.

B. Ashcroft, Post-Colonial Studies: The Key Concepts, 2000.

E. Bamiro, Transcultural Creativity in World Englishes: Speech Events in Nigerian English Literature, International Journal of Linguistics.3, vol.1, pp.1-16, 2011.

P. Barry, Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory, 1995.

H. K. Bhabha, The Location of Culture, 1994.

J. Cuddon and . Anthony, The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory, 1977.

J. Déjeux, Littérature maghrébine de langue française, 1973.

M. Feraoun, . Le, . L. Menrad, and F. Puy, The Poor Man's Son: Menrad, Kabyle Schoolteacher, Les Cahiers du Nouvel Humanisme, 1950.

A. Khatibi and . Amour-bilingue, Montpellier : Fata Morgana, 1983.

M. Mammeri and . La-traversée, Mouloud Mammeri entretien avec Tahar Djaout. Laphomic, 1982.

D. Merolla, De l'art de la narration tamazight (berbère): 200 ans d'études: état des lieux et perspectives, vol.21, 2006.

J. Moura, Littératures francophones et théorie postcoloniale, 1999.

W. Ong, . Orality, and . Literacy, The Technologizing of the Word. Routledge, Taylor & Francis e-Library, 1982.

C. Zabus, Writing with an Accent: From Early Decolonizationto Contemporary Gender Issues in the African Novel in French, English, and Arabic, Language and Translation in Postcolonial Literatures: Multilingual Contexts, Translational Texts. Ed. Simona Bertacco, pp.32-47, 2007.